The gut microbiotas of cockroaches and termites play important roles in the symbiotic digestion of dietary components, such as lignocellulose.Diet has been proposed as a primary determinant of community structure within the gut, acting as a selection force to shape the diversity observed within this "bioreactor", and as a key factor for the diverge
Bacterial cytokinesis begins with the assembly of FtsZ into a Z ring at the center of the cell.The Z-ring constriction in Gram-negative bacteria may occur in an environment where the periplasm and the cytoplasm are isoosmotic, but in Gram-positive bacteria the constriction may have to overcome a substantial turgor pressure.We address three potentia
Tongchuan City, located in Shaanxi Province, northwest China, has limited groundwater resources.Rational planning and exploitation of groundwater are crucial to the sustainable development of the city, for which investigating the distribution of groundwater is the premise.Traditional resistivity sounding methods are often used to detect groundwater
Digital filtering is one of the main fundamental aspect of digital signal processing (DSP).Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filter design involves multi parameter optimization, on which the existing optimization algorithm may does not work efficiently.Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm marigold velvet curtains is a bio-inspired optimi
Summary: Densely arranged N-linked glycans shield the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer from antibody recognition.Strain-specific breaches in this shield (glycan holes) can be targets of vaccine-induced biermann marzipan neutralizing antibodies that lack breadth.To understand the interplay between glycan holes and neutralization breadth in HIV-1 infectio